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The challenges and potential for urban and peri-urban agriculture in Belém
On the islands, on the continent, in schools, in health units, or in the backyards of houses. Açaí, cocoa, manioc, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Family and community-based. For commercialization and self-consumption. Agriculture is present in several ways in the capital of Pará, northern Brazil.
2 Did you know?
The urban and peri-urban
agriculture in Belém has the potential to supply vegetables
and greens for
1.7 million
people.
This exceeds the entire
population of Belém (1.5 million)!
It can also
supply over
950,000
people
with açaí beverages
per year…
and generate
3,267
jobs.
89%
of the agriculture and
livestock farms in Belém
are family-managed.
11%
of the people of the Belém Metropolitan Area
(BMA) buy their food at city fairs. In the
rest of Brazil, this number reaches only 4%.
80%
of foods
marketed at CEASA
of Pará proceed
from other states.
3
Food and
the territory
What is the relationship between food and urban territory?
Explore the image to access the data and understand the configuration of relations between production, supply, marketing, consumption and institutions that make up the urban food system in Belém and region.
Scroll to the sides to explore the whole map. Click to begin!
Government
The population of Belém and surrounding region
Food economics
Land use in Belém
Food consumption
Food security
Food marketing
Where does the food come from?
Research institutions
Companies
Organizations of the Civil Society
Urban and peri–urban agriculture in Belém
4
Urban and Peri-urban
Agriculture in Belém
In this section, we will take a closer look at the agriculture practiced in the capital of Pará, whether urban (conducted within the urbanized area) or peri-urban (in the more distant and less urbanized regions in the city outskirts). The data proceed from the agricultural census and mapping of farming experiences conducted in loco for the present study.
Photo: Moisés Savian/ Acervo Instituto Escolhas
The Agricultural and Livestock Census of 2017 (IBGE) identified 601 establishments in Belém:
Distribution of agricultural and livestock
farms according to their size in hectares (ha)
farms according to their size in hectares (ha)
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Source: Agriculture & Livestock Census - 2017 (IBGE)
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. Censo Agropecuário 2017: definitive results. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2019. Available at: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br. Accessed on: 08 sept. 2022.
85%
of the farms have an area
under 20 hectares.
of the farms have an area
under 20 hectares.
89%
of the farms are
operated by families.
of the farms are
operated by families.
37%
of the farms are headed by women, above the figure for the state (20%) and country (17%).
of the farms are headed by women, above the figure for the state (20%) and country (17%).
69%
of the establishments produce açaí, 53% of which is cultivated and 16% is obtained by extractivism.*
of the establishments produce açaí, 53% of which is cultivated and 16% is obtained by extractivism.*
Açaí can be cultivated, planted intentionally for commercial purposes, or managed, extracted from native açaí trees in the forest.
20%
of establishments
produce cassava.
of establishments
produce cassava.
Poultry is the most frequent type
of animal production, found
in 12% of the establishments.
of animal production, found
in 12% of the establishments.
In horticulture, the most produced
products are chives, cabbage, caruru,
lettuce, chicory and parsley.
products are chives, cabbage, caruru,
lettuce, chicory and parsley.
Belém has nine settlement
projects linked to the
National Program for
Land Reform.
projects linked to the
National Program for
Land Reform.
Complementarily, the survey produced a visual mapping, through geoprocessing and satellite image analyses of the agricultural areas in the municipality, producing 163 polygons with a total area of 235.2 hectares.
These areas, as well as the establishments in the agricultural census, can be seen in our interactive map.
Types of Agriculture
in Belém
An essential aspect to be observed in Belem’s relationship with food production is the location of the productive land: in the floodplain areas – susceptible to periodic flooding – extractivism and forest management prevail. On dry land, horticulture, temporary crops and cultivated açaí stand out. The study identified eight types of agriculture in Belém.
Urban Agriculture
Case Studies
Here, you will find analyses of the economic and financial viability of some types of urban and peri-urban agriculture initiatives in Belém, selected according to their geographic location, diversity and production system, among other criteria.
5
Interactive map
Click to turn the categories on and off
Click to turn the categories below on and off
Land Use
?Identification of land use classes (native vegetation, water, agriculture and urbanization) elaborated in this study from high resolution images of the year 2020 obtained from the National Institute for Space Research. Available at: http://www.dgi.inpe.br/CDSR/
Environmental areas and settlements
Urban and peri-urban agriculture
Agriculture and Livestock Establishments
?
Georeferencing of the establishments, according to the Agricultural Census of 2017 by IBGE.
Agricultural polygons
?
Georeferencing of the agricultural polygons mapped by the study from satellite images using visual markers.
Food Supply and Marketing
Public establishments
?Georeferencing based on data of 2022 made available by the Municipal Secretariat of Economy / Department of Fairs and Markets and Municipal Secretariat of Education and Culture / Sectorial Planning Center. For more information, download the georeferenced data in the Credits section.
Privately owned establishments
?Distribution of establishments that sell fresh, mixed, and ultra-processed products in the territory, according to the resident population.
Analysis carried out based on the classification of commercial establishments listed in the 2019 Annual Social Information Report, according to the criteria proposed in the 2018 “Technical Study: Mapping Food Deserts in Brazil” (available at https://bit.ly/MapeamentoDesertos).
The establishments classified in the fresh/mixed or ultra-processed products were geo-referenced based on the postal code (CEP) (information available in RAIS), located in the territory by means of Google’s API (geolocation) and aggregated into a 1 km hexagonal grid.
The total number of establishments was divided by the resident population in each grid, obtained by extrapolation of the 2010 Census of the census sectors, using a scale of 5,000 inhabitants.
Trade of fresh + mixed food, by 5 thousand people
< 10
25
50
100
> 100
Ultra-processed food trade, by 5,000 people
< 10
25
50
100
> 100
6
Next Stop: Belém of the
sustainable urban agriculture
What is the urban agricultural potential in Belém when produced using sustainable techniques? In which spaces can the potential be developed? How many people are possible to be fed? In this section, you will find the data that answer these questions.
One of the steps to foment agriculture in cities is to identify adequate areas for development of the activity. Undeveloped areas, unused or underused land, without forest cover, can potentially be dedicated to urban agriculture. With this in mind, the study mapped 699 polygons of public or private areas in Belém, which could be occupied for food production. These areas, totaling the equivalent of 1,170 hectares, are shown in the map at the side.
The allocation of part of these spaces for agricultural production, together with the improvement of production in areas of the city where food is already being grown, served as a basis for the simulation of two scenarios, which used different sustainable production models to explore the potential of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Belém. Check out the results below.
Potential Spaces
Non-developed areas and non-used or underused areas, without forest cover, can potentially be dedicated to urban agriculture.
2 Sustainable urban agricultural models for Belém
Assumptions
Model A - Agricultural lot
Model B - Multiple activity lot
Strategy
Intensive occupation of potential spaces for urban agriculture
Increase the productivity of biodiverse systems
Location
Onshore
Floodplain
Total area
0.5 hectare
5 hectares
Products
Vegetables (protected cultivation) and cassava
Açaí (managed with minimum impact)
Labor
2 full-time people
Day workers
Day workers
Suitable for organic production, with permanent demand for seeds, fertilization and phytosanitary treatment.
Not used
Initial investment
Ranging from BRL 13,000 to 107,000 (considering the purchase of a utility vehicle in the highest investment scenario)
BRL 9,360.18/hectare
Production
All year
See details of this model here
By harvest, between March and September
BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CORPORATION. Practical guide to management of açaí plantations for fruit production. 2. ed. Macapá: Embrapa, 2012.
See details of this model here
What is the potential
for urban and peri-urban
agriculture in Belém?
This section presents the simulation results of two scenarios that considered both the occupation of the mapped spaces with potential for urban agriculture in Belém and improvement of productivity in the areas already occupied by agriculture.
Scenario 1
Implementation
of Model A
Characteristics of the considered area
Empty spaces in Belém with areas exceeding 5,000 m², equivalent to 47.6% of the total mapped areas, and temporary tillage areas.
Total simulated area
344 hectares
Products
Vegetables
and cassava
Production Volume
19,405
t/yr
Supply potential
1.6 million
people
per year*
people
per year*
Considering an average daily consumption of vegetables in the Northern region of 31.9 g/per capita.
Job potential
1,376
persons
Scenario 2
Implementation
of Model B
Characteristics of the considered area
Areas with agricultural establishments where açaí production already occurs (permanent crops and extractivism) and areas of agricultural establishments that are not yet managed for açaí production.
Total simulated area
5,348 hectares
Products
Açaí
Production Volume
30,431
t/yr
Supply potential
951,266
people per
year*
of the population
of Belém
people per
year*
Considering an average consumption of 1.33 kg of açaí per inhabitant/month and an average processing yield of 50%.
or 63.1% of the population
of Belém
Job potential
1,891
persons
Food security in economically
vulnerable neighborhoods
In the neighborhood of Tenoné, located in the district of Icoaraci,
48 hectares of potential areas
for urban agriculture
were mapped. If they were occupied with productive units in the Agricultural Lot model, it would be possible to produce
2,683 tons of food per year, enabling supplying 230,000 people and generating employment and income for 191 people.
Currently, the district has almost 6 thousand families registered in the CadÚnico (unified register of poor families) to access social assistance policies, among them, income policies and access to food, with direct impact on food security.
11 actions to promote sustainable
urban agriculture in Belém
Photo: Moisés Savian/ Acervo Instituto Escolhas
1
Promote access of farmers in the municipality to technical assistance, with the objective of increasing productivity and improving the productive systems, the management and commercialization of the activity.
2
Promote land legalization and environmental compliance of agricultural establishments already in operation.
3
Stimulate concessions of public areas without destination or use for urban agriculture.
4
Articulate state and federal government agencies to guarantee access by Belém's farmers to technical assistance, credit and other policies.
5
Promote, in partnership with various public and private institutions, the training and mobilization of farmers in the municipality for cooperativism and the organization of productive chains, as a mean to facilitate the marketing of food and obtention of inputs and equipment for the productive process.
6
Promote policies to support the flow of urban agriculture products from the islands to the continent, via river transport.
7
Promote policies to stimulate the purchase of food from urban agriculture by restaurants, grocery stores and supermarkets in the municipality, promoting short marketing circuits.
8
Stimulate the recognition and certification of organic and agroecological production in the municipality.
9
Promote the acquisition of food from urban agriculture through the municipality's institutional purchases (schools, hospitals, popular restaurants).
10
Create a Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) that enables to adjust and add value to local production.
11
Include urban and peri-urban agriculture in the municipal overall plan, an instrument for territorial planning and land use regulation.
7
Method
The survey methods applied were inspired by the study “Closer than you think: the challenges for food production in the metropolis of São Paulo – Executive Summary”, issued by Instituto Escolhas in 2020.
From the geographic clipping of the city of Belém and its metropolitan region, a broad survey of available secondary data on production, commercialization and consumption relations that characterize the regional urban food system was conducted. The data was analyzed, processed and presented in a descriptive way and, where possible, georeferenced.
The agricultural practices conducted in the city of Belém where object of the detailed analysis, mobilizing primary and secondary data (collected by the research team dedicated to the study), regarding quantities and quality. The study also structured a typology of the agriculture practiced in Belém, from which five cases were selected for application of economic-financial analysis models.
The results of the economic-financial analysis enabled the elaboration of hypothetical models of productive units and simulate the potential for food production and job creation in the territory of Belém. The simulation counted on georeferenced data of the city’s empty spaces.
All data collected by the study, as well as additional information about the methodology and the referential used, are available at the links below (Portuguese only):
Complete Report Part 1 Complete Report Part 2
The challenges and potential of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Belém
Study conceived by Instituto Escolhas.
Overall Coordination – Instituto Escolhas
Jaqueline Ferreira, Camilla Guimarães and Vitória Leão
Research Teams
Food System Analysis: Osvaldo Aly Jr., Fernando Gaiger Silveira, Bernardo Campolina and Alan Nunes Araújo.
Analysis of urban and peri-urban agriculture: Moisés Savian, Sheryle Santos Hamid and Caio Cezar Ferreira de Souza.
Mapping of institutions: Ciria Rosa.
Georeferencing of establishments: Carolina Passos.
Design and development
FIB – Fábrica de Ideias Brasileiras (Brazilian Factory of Ideas)
Text Editing
Cinthia Sento Sé and Jaqueline Ferreira
Text Revision
Luisa Ghidotti
How to Mention
Instituto Escolhas. The challenges and potential of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Belém. São Paulo: 2022.
Model A - Agricultural lot
In this first simulation, the area would be used for horticulture, of which 20% (1,000 m2) would receive protected cultivation with the use of low tunnels, to ensure the production of greens even in the rainy season. Another 1,000 m2 would be employed for a cyclical crop – in this case cassava – with the objective of reducing the intensity of daily labor, making it possible for only two people working full time to manage the lot.
Three commercialization and coordination scenarios were considered for this model: direct sale to the consumers at the lot; wholesale and trade at fairs. The economic analysis indicates that the best scenario is direct commercialization at the fairs (retail farmer), followed by wholesale – which, however, requires greater initial investment and longer payback time. This result could be optimized by sharing the marketing structure with other farmers.
* *Respectively 70%, 100% and 130% of the price practiced at CEASA/PA
SUPPLY CENTRALS OF PARÁ. Price quotation. CEASA/PA: 2021. Available at: http://www.ceasa.pa.gov.br/cotacao. Accessed on September 08, 2022.
in the year 2021 for each type of product.All simulated scenarios demonstrate the models´ economic viability, with their application depending on public policies of access to credit and technical support. For the scenarios in which the farmer approaches the market, financing is essential to enable acquisition of a utility vehicle. In the retail farmer scenario, municipal planning and availability of adequate spaces for the farmers to participate at market fairs are important.
Model B - Multiple activity lot
The proposition of this model is to intensify the production of açaí in areas of agroforestry systems with adoption of minimum environmental impact techniques in the native açaí plantations; applying the method created by EMBRAPA (refer to the technical report for further details).
The introduction of this management technology foresees the adequate combination of different tree types, açaí and other palm trees, throughout the area, to avoid competition for sunlight among them and guarantee biodiversity maintenance. The technique can extend the harvesting period from two to seven months throughout the year and generate an 8.4 t/ha production increase, considering that the average productivity is less than one ton per hectare in Belém. The costs for implementation and maintenance of the model are linked, mainly, to labor necessities. Marketing occurs directly to marketers and açaí preparers, considering a market with easy entry and outflow.
If combined with technical support and rural credit, minimum impact management can generate even more significant gains to produce this fundamental product for the food culture of Belém.
Research institutions
Get to know some institutions that develop research and extension projects about the food system in Belém and surrounding region as well as regarding the urban and peri-urban agriculture in the city.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Brazilian Agricultural Research Company
Brazilian Agricultural Research Company
Active in development of knowledge and technologies for Brazilian agriculture and livestock farming. In Belém, since 2010, EMBRAPA has been developing the Technology Transfer Project, with didactic and pedagogical strategies for training and environmental education through urban agriculture. It offers technical support and inputs for implementation of vegetable gardens in educational and social assistance institutions.
University of the State of Pará (UEPA)
Public higher education institution with teaching, research and extension activities. In the city of Belém, UEPA offers a graduation course in food technology, focused on the development of diverse productive chains of family agriculture.
Federal University of Pará (UFPA)
Public higher education institution with teaching, research and extension activities. A monthly event is held on its campus, the Family Farming Fair, involving approximately 20 farmers mainly from the Belém Metropolitan Region. The university has a partnership with the Township of Belém in projects for support to urban agriculture, including medicinal plants cultivation.
Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares (INEAF), da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)
Amazon Family Agriculture Institution of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA)
Amazon Family Agriculture Institution of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA)
University hub that provides teaching activities (undergraduate and graduate); research, extension, administration, technical assistance and rural extension on themes of family agriculture in the Amazon environment.
Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA)
Federal Rural University of Amazonia
Federal Rural University of Amazonia
Public higher education institution with teaching, research and extension activities. The Microbiology and Plant Protection laboratories of the Agronomy course in Belém, develops studies for dissemination and popularization of the use of microbial technologies in urban and peri-urban agricultural areas.
Government
Several public authorities act and influence the relations regarding food production, marketing and consumption in the city of Belém. Check them out.
Central de Abastecimento do Pará (CEASA/PA)
Food Supply Center of the State of Pará.
Food Supply Center of the State of Pará.
Agency of the government of Pará performing as a wholesale depot, marketing horticultural products with the aim of contributing to the regularization of supply and price stabilization.
Companhia de Desenvolvimento da Área Metropolitana de Belém (CODEM)
Belém Metropolitan Area Development Company
Belém Metropolitan Area Development Company
CODEM conducts legal, urbanistic, environmental, and social actions aiming at the regularization of settlements and land titling. It also develops actions to promote gastronomy, tourism, and handicrafts in Belém. At the Mosqueiro Island, CODEM supports the gastronomic circuit with training for professionals.
Coordenação das Políticas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (COPSAN)
Coordination of Food Security and Nutrition Policies
Coordination of Food Security and Nutrition Policies
Its main objective is to promote the human right to adequate food by means of valuing and encouraging the consumption of regional quality food in sufficient quantities to meet the basic needs of the population of Belém. COPSAN develops the project Cesta Nutrir Junto (nourish together basket), which collects, in fairs and at CEASA/PA, out of standard food for donation purposes.
Coordenadoria Municipal de Turismo (BELEMTUR)
Municipal Tourism Coordination
Municipal Tourism Coordination
BELÉMTUR plans, coordinates, controls and evaluates the activities related to tourism in the municipality of Belém. In its municipal action plan (2021), BELÉMTUR highlights the potential of ecological, gastronomic and community tourism for promotion and diversification of agricultural production and handicrafts.
Departamento de Vigilância Sanitária (DEVISA)
Health Surveillance Department
Health Surveillance Department
The Municipal Health Secretariat Department (SESMA), has the objective of promoting actions capable of eliminating, reducing, or preventing health risks, besides intervening in sanitary problems. It has a Food Sanitary Surveillance Division (DVSA), which establishes control measures to ensure food quality, registering and licensing food establishments.
Empresa Brasileira de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER)
Brazilian Company for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension
Brazilian Company for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension
EMATER provides public services for extension aimed at sustainable development. Its office in Belém services farmers from the municipality, including vegetable gardens for government social programs in the scope of the Technology Transfer project for Citizen Education, in partnership with República de Emaús.
Fundação Escola Bosque (FUNBOSQUE)
Bosque School Foundation
Bosque School Foundation
FUNBOSQUE is a reference center with the Bosque School Foundation Professor Eidorfe Moreira, which teaches students of the Kindergarten, Elementary School, EJA, and Technical and Vocational High School. It develops the Knowledge Garden project, which involves the community in the implementation of vegetable gardens in schools and other educational institutions, as well as in the students' homes.
Fundação de Assistência ao Estudante (FMAE)
Student Assistance Foundation
Student Assistance Foundation
Linked to the Municipal Secretariat of Education and Culture (SEMEC) is in charge of executing the school food policy in the municipality, acquiring and delivering food in schools, as well as defining the menu. It also participates in the Educating with School Gardens and Gastronomy project, which aims to implement vegetable gardens in educational units of the municipal school net. The foundation also offers training on how to plant and grow vegetables, in addition to providing support and technical assistance to the school.
Fundação Papa João XXIII (FUNPAPA)
Pope John XXIII Foundation
Pope John XXIII Foundation
The Pope John XXIII Foundation is in charge of administering the Social Assistance Policy in the municipality of Belém, ensuring access to services, benefits and social assistance programs, which includes the supply of meals for populations in vulnerable situations. The Foundation has a partnership with the National Rural Apprenticeship Service (Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Rural - SENAR) and the Socio-educational Assistance Foundation of Pará (FASEPA), in the formation of young people in Food Handling techniques, with quality control regarding food safety, and in the Ornamental Plant Seedling Production course.
Instituto de Desenvolvimento Florestal e da Biodiversidade do Estado do Pará (IDEFLOR)
Institute for Forestry and Biodiversity Development of the State of Pará
Institute for Forestry and Biodiversity Development of the State of Pará
A public entity, acting in the management of the policy for production and development of the forest chain and execution of the policies for preservation, conservation, and sustainable use of the biodiversity. It also works in the training of producers in and around the Conservation Units (UCs) of the Belém Metropolitan Area, in areas where Agroforestry Systems were implanted (SAFs), as diversification models for family agriculture production.
Secretaria de Estado de Desenvolvimento Agropecuária e da Pesca (SEDAP)
State Secretariat of Agricultural and Fishery Development
State Secretariat of Agricultural and Fishery Development
A direct administration agency of the State Government, in charge of promoting the development of agricultural, livestock, fishing, aquaculture, and extractivism activities. SEDAP develops the Green Corner project, from the 'Having Peace'(TerPaz) Program, with environmental education and implementation of vegetable gardens in two educational units of Belém. There is also another initiative, the project Urban Productive Backyards (Quintais Produtivos Urbanos) which implements vegetable gardens in community backyards included via government social programs.
Secretaria Municipal da Saúde (SESMA)
Municipal Health Secretariat
Municipal Health Secretariat
Acts in the local management of the Unified Health System (SUS), in charge of the development and maintenance of health policies, conducting the Native Pharmacy project, focused on the production of medicinal plants and phytotherapy. The project aims to transform plants into medicines, delivering them to Basic Health Units (BHU), to distribute them to the population, and to work on the strategy of natural medication, valuing the local tradition of phytotherapy treatments, with medicines of vegetable origin.
Secretaria Municipal de Economia (SECON)
Municipal Secretariat of Economy
Municipal Secretariat of Economy
Acts in the administration and inspection of the municipality's supply units, with emphasis on the organization of fairs, markets and ports. The secretariat also has a Department of Support of the Production (DEAP), which develops activities related to the promotion and support of productive actions of family agriculture.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SEMEC)
Municipal Secretariat of Education
Municipal Secretariat of Education
Responsible for the Kindergarten and Elementary School population, including Youth, Adult, and Elderly Education, as well as Special Education. SEMEC develops pedagogical vegetable gardens, as part of the 'Educating with School Vegetable Gardens and Gastronomy' Project, in three main areas: environmental, gastronomic, and pedagogical. The project's objective is to implant vegetable gardens in schools by the Municipal Foundation for Student Assistance (FMAE).
Companies
In the definition of their business strategies, companies can play an important role in shaping more sustainable food systems. This study mapped out some companies of the private sector involved in such activities:
A Filha do Combu
Combu´s daughter
Combu´s daughter
Family agro-industry producing chocolate and 100% organic Amazonian cocoa in the small farms at the Combu Island, in Belém.
Iacitatá
Iacitatá Restaurant
Iacitatá Restaurant
This restaurant is a point of food culture in Belém, where the agro-ecological food fair also functions, which markets local food production and products from agrarian reform settlements from several Brazilian states.
Amachains
A Startup located in the Technological Park of Belém, utilizes blockchain and compliance for transformation of productive chains of the agribusiness and bioeconomy in sustainable business nets. Amachains provides, free of charge, a tracking tool for Family Agriculture, aiming to stimulate and value Agroecological production by small producers.
Manioca
Startup headquartered in Belém that promotes inputs free of chemical additives and the knowledge of the forest people, through fair trade with local producers and without deforestation.
Ver-o-Fruto
See the fruit
See the fruit
Startup located in the Technological Part of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), in Belém, performing in bioeconomy through the production of activated charcoal from agroindustry residues.
Verde Cidadão
Green Citizen
Green Citizen
A business with social impact based in Belém which sells vegetables in customized cans. It is also active in social mobilization, distribution of plant seedlings, and provides training to plant herbs and vegetables in cans or pots.
Organizations of the Civil Society
In Belém and its peri-urban region, organizations of the civil society mobilize people and other institutions for the development of actions and projects on behalf of the issue of food. Some of these organizations mapped for this study are shown below.
Associação Brasileira de Agroecologia (ABA)
Brazilian Agroecology Association
Brazilian Agroecology Association
ABA brings together professionals and students from various fields of knowledge, who conduct, and support actions dedicated to the construction of agroecological knowledge. In Belém, ABA promotes events and courses for promotion of agroecological production.
Associação das Erveiras e dos Erveiros do Ver-o-Peso
Association of herb dealers of the Ver-o-Peso Market Hall
Association of herb dealers of the Ver-o-Peso Market Hall
Association of spice, herbal and cosmetic market vendors of the traditional Ver-o-Peso Market Hall.
Associação de Distribuidores Atacadistas do Estado do Pará (ADAPA)
Wholesale Distributors Association of the State of Pará
Wholesale Distributors Association of the State of Pará
Located in Belém, the association represents wholesale establishments in Pará, with the objective to strengthen the sector through its infrastructure at its main office, providing technical advice and strategic information for the food wholesale sector.
Associação de Produtores Orgânicos do Estado do Pará
Association of Organic Producers of the state of Pará
Association of Organic Producers of the state of Pará
This Association’s mission is to foster organic agriculture in the state of Pará, incentivizing production, verticalization, marketing and consumption of organic foods. It is in charge to manage the organic food fair which occurs twice weekly in the city of Belém.
Associação dos Pequenos Agricultores da Mari Mari (APAMM)
Small Farmers Association of Mari
Small Farmers Association of Mari
Association of producers from the Mari settlement, located on the Mosqueiro island, acting in the marketing of products proceeding from family farming establishments.
Associação dos Vendedores Artesanais de Açaí de Belém e Região Metropolitana (AVABEL)
Association of Handcrafted Açaí Vendors of Belém and the Region
Association of Handcrafted Açaí Vendors of Belém and the Region
The Association of Açaí vendors, active in the education of açaí preparation complying with the appropriate sanitary norms for its marketing, besides offering courses and training for its members.
Associação Paraense dos Supermercados (ASPAS)
Association of Supermarkets of Pará
Association of Supermarkets of Pará
In charge of the political-institutional representation of companies in the supermarket business and supermarket suppliers, including distributors, representatives or industries of the state of Pará.
Centro de Estudos e Defesa do Negro do Pará (Cedenpa)
Center for the Study and Defense of Black People of Pará
Center for the Study and Defense of Black People of Pará
Nonprofit Association acting in the combat to racism, prejudice, discrimination, and socio-racial inequalities, being one of the organizations in charge of the Black Territories Agrobiodiversity Fair for Food Security.
Coletivo Canteiros Verdes
Develops gardening and landscaping actions in the Marco neighborhood, in Belém.
Coletivo Cultural A Casa Preta
Cultural Assembly A Casa Preta (the Black House)
Cultural Assembly A Casa Preta (the Black House)
This association acts as a space for the formation and diffusion of Black culture and art, located in the onshore neighborhoods of Belém. It develops the Ayê projects with youngsters, women and riverside dwellers, through guidance and discussions on land use to promote urban agriculture and food security in the yards of riverside residences of the Outeiro Island.
Associação de Mulheres Agricultoras (Amacampo)
Association of Women Farmers
Association of Women Farmers
Organization of women who produce agro-ecological food in the settlements of Mártires de Abril, Paulo Fonteles and Elisabeth Teixeira, on the Mosqueiro Island.
Coletivorta
Association of residents who maintain a community garden in the neighborhood of Reduto, in Belém.
Cooperativa Agropecuária de Produtores de Belém do Pará (COPABEL)
Cooperative of Agriculture and Livestock Farmers of Belém do Pará
Cooperative of Agriculture and Livestock Farmers of Belém do Pará
Cooperative of family farmers from the Island of Cotijuba. Its main activity is the retail trade of horticultural products.
Cooperativa Agropecuária Mista de Mosqueiro (COOPAM)
Mixed Cooperative of Agriculture and Livestock Farmers of Mosqueiro
Mixed Cooperative of Agriculture and Livestock Farmers of Mosqueiro
Represents the rural communities of the Mosqueiro Island. Besides marketing the Agricultural and Livestock production, the cooperative provides legal advice, access to credit and social security.
Cooperativa de Produção, Agroindústria e Transporte da Ilha de Murucutu
Cooperative of Production, Agroindustry and Transport of the Island of Murucutu
Cooperative of Production, Agroindustry and Transport of the Island of Murucutu
The main activity of this production and transportation cooperative is the production of açaí and extraction of palm heart in native forests as well as non-timber products, on the Island of Murutucu.
Federação de Órgãos para Assistência Social e Educacional (FASE)
Federation of Organizations for Social and Educational Assistance
Federation of Organizations for Social and Educational Assistance
A non-governmental, non-profit organization for popular education and human rights protection. It acts to empower social groups to guarantee rights, democracy, and environmental justice. FASE Amazônia has its main office in Belém, active in regional development and in agro-extractivism and cooperativism projects.
Fazenda Esperança Nossa Senhora de Nazaré
Esperança Nossa Senhora de Nazaré Farm
Esperança Nossa Senhora de Nazaré Farm
An NGO organized as a therapeutic community, acting in the recovery of young chemical dependents. It develops a food production project at its headquarters, located on the island of Mosqueiro.
Grupo de Amigos da Marambaia (GAM)
Marambaia Friends Group
Marambaia Friends Group
The objective of the Marambaia Friends Group, composed of residents, is to raise awareness by the community regarding the appropriate garbage destination and environmental conservation aspects. The group develops environmental education actions as well as projects regarding the agro-ecological vegetable gardens and gardening projects in the neighborhood.
Grupo de Mulheres do Benguí (GMB)
Benguí Women's Group
Benguí Women's Group
GMB focuses on women’s health; fighting gender violence and fostering generation of income. The group supports the Quintais Vivos project (Live Yards), with a productive backyard in its main office in the neighborhood of Benguí, where training courses for agricultural activities are also provided.
Grupo para o Consumo Agroecológico (GRUCA)
Group for Agro-ecological Consumption
Group for Agro-ecological Consumption
Consumers' group which supports the marketing of agroecological products from family agriculture in the Metropolitan Region of Belém.
Instituto Alachaster
Alachaster Institute
Alachaster Institute
Nonprofit organization acting in the Metropolitan Area of Belém with the objective to promote awareness and environmental education for the society through the establishment of urban vegetable gardens. The Institute was the creator of FACEBUQUÊ, a space for composting and workshops on urban gardening and landscaping. An example is the implementation of the community garden on the Island of Jutuba, in Belém.
Instituto Manguezal
Manguezal Institute
Manguezal Institute
The Institute is active in the development of sustainable projects, with job and income generation for grassroots communities. In partnership with the Secretariat of Education of the State of Pará, it develops the "School Gardens Project", having already developed seven vegetable gardens in Belém.
Instituto Iniciativa Amazônica (Iniama)
Amazon Initiative Institute
Amazon Initiative Institute
Non-profit organization, created by the Amazon initiative Consortium, located at the main office of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental in Belém. Focused on the execution of plans, projects and research aimed at forest conservation, one of its areas of activity is the strengthening of sustainable extractivism and family agriculture.
Instituto Peabiru
Public Interest Civil Society Organization, with headquarters in Belém, offers technical assistance programs to family farmers, traditional peoples and communities, for the strengthening of socio-biodiversity value chains.
Instituto Regenera
Civil society organization with the purpose of contributing to the strengthening and creation of sustainable food systems. In Belém, the Institute acts in the project ´From the Amazon to Belém´, which aims to expand and democratize the local market of healthy and sustainable agroecological products. The main activities involve mapping the market in Belém and the co-creation of social technology models for food marketing.
Laboratório da Cidade (LABDACIDADE)
City Laboratory
City Laboratory
A non-profit organization that proposes to rethink cities, their dynamics, and transformations. It develops projects to implement vegetable gardens in public educational units and community spaces.
Movimento República de Emaús
Republic of Emaús Movement
Republic of Emaús Movement
A non-profit association working to defend and guarantee the rights of children and adolescents in situations of risk and social exclusion in the Amazon region. It develops the Project Technology Transfer and Didactic and Pedagogical Strategies for Citizen Education and Environmental Education, in partnership with EMBRAPA. In the scope of the project, it promotes training courses in forestry and urban agriculture for young people and their families.
Movimento Mulheres das Ilhas de Belém (MMIB)
Women’s Movement of the Islands of Belém
Women’s Movement of the Islands of Belém
Organization of women farmers and artisans of the islands Cotijuba, Jutuba, Paquetá, Ilha Nova and Urubuoca. The movement acts in organic production and community-based tourism.
Movimento Sem Terra (MST)
Landless Workers Movement
Landless Workers Movement
A movement for the organization and mobilization of rural workers in search of democratizing the access to land to produce food through the Popular Agrarian Reform. In Belém, it supports the agro-ecological production in Mosqueiro and conducts the Agroecological MST Fair.
Sindicato das Indústrias de Pesca, de Aquicultura e das Empresas Armadoras, Produtoras, Proprietárias de Embarcações de Pesca do Estado do Pará (SINPESCA)
Union of the Fishing Industries, Aquaculture and Fishing Vessel Companies, Producers and Shipowners of the State of Pará.
Union of the Fishing Industries, Aquaculture and Fishing Vessel Companies, Producers and Shipowners of the State of Pará.
SINPESCA develops studies, coordinates, protects and represents the economic category of the fishing industry and other companies engaged in the industrial fishing sector
The population of Belém and the region
Urban territories, due to their high population concentration, constitute large consumer centers, with strong influence on how food is produced and marketed. Characteristics such as culture, population size and age distribution guide the demand for food. The food choices of the populations in these areas have a direct impact on how the food is produced, marketed and priced; how many jobs and income is generated, and which are the impacts on the environment.
Belém
Belém Metropolitan Area
Estimated population of the Belém Metropolitan Area in 2021
(1) GGR = Geometric Growth Rate from 2010 to 2021.
Source: IBGE, 2011
Source: IBGE, 2011
BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS INSTITUTE. 2010 Population Census Summary. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2011. Available at: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br. Accessed on: 15 jan. 2022.
e 2022a BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS INSTITUTE. Population Estimates. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2022a. Available at: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br. Accessed on: 15 jan. 2022.
Considering age and gender groups, the distribution of the population is quite similar to the rest of the country, with 58% of the population of Belém comprising the economically active age span (20 to 59 years).
Distribution of the population of the municipality of Belém by age and gender in 2019
Population (%)
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Source: National Sample Survey of Households, IBGE, 2019
BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS INSTITUTE. National Household Sample Survey - Continuous (PNAD-C). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2019. Available at: https://painel.ibge.gov.br/pnadc/. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
.Food economics
GDP of the state of Pará
In 2019, the Belém
Metropolitan Area
(BMA) contributed with 28% to the GDP of
the state of Pará (BRL 55 billion).
Metropolitan Area
(BMA) contributed with 28% to the GDP of
the state of Pará (BRL 55 billion).
The municipality of Belém,
alone, generated
18% of the state GDP and 66% of the Metropolitan Area, totaling
BRL 32 billion.
alone, generated
18% of the state GDP and 66% of the Metropolitan Area, totaling
BRL 32 billion.
The service sector had the largest stake in value addition to the GDP, both in the BMA (63%) as in the municipality of Belém (67%). On the other hand, the agriculture and livestock sector contributed with only 0.3% to the GDP of the capital city, Belém.
However, significant differences arise when we look at the contribution of the sector to the GDP of other municipalities of the Belém Metropolitan Area. In Castanhal, Santa Bárbara do Pará, and Santa Izabel do Pará, which are municipalities that supply the BMA, the value aggregated by the agricultural and cattle farming sector represent 4%, 5% and 14% of the respective municipal GDPs.
The primary production
industry, trade and
food services in the
BMA accounted for
industry, trade and
food services in the
BMA accounted for
215,000
jobs
in 2020
=
21%of the occupied
population in the BMA
population in the BMA
Evolution of the population employed in agrifood activities in the BMA -2020
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Source: National Households Sample Survey, IBGE, 2012-2020.
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. National Household Sample Survey - Continuous (PNAD-C). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2020. Available at: https://painel.ibge.gov.br/pnadc/. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
As can be seen from the graph below, people aged between 25 and 49 years comprise most of the labor force, not only in the agrifood segment, but also in the remaining sectors.
Age distribution of the economically active population in the BMA - 2012 to 2020.
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Source: National Households Sample Survey, IBGE, 2012-2020.
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio - Contínua (PNAD-C). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2020. Available at: https://painel.ibge.gov.br/pnadc/. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
Data from the Ministry of Economy (ME) for the municipality of Belém show that the Agrofood segment employs only 5% of the total number of jobs, generating 2.2% of the city’s total wage bill. In relation to the wage distribution in the agribusiness segment itself, the greatest increases are observed in the industrial and service sectors, with a consistent reduction in the agricultural sector over the years.
Evolution of the participation of the wage bill in agrifood segments in Belém - 2012-2020
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Source: Annual Social Information Report, Ministry of Economy, 2012-2020.
BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Employment. Program for the Dissemination of Labor Statistics. Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS). Brasília, DF, 2012-2020. Available at: http://pdet.mte.gov.br/rais. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
The profile of establishments in the agrifood sector varies greatly between municipalities, the metropolitan area, and the state. In the case of the first two, the services and trade sectors prevail, followed by the industrial sector. In the case of the state of Pará, the primary sector prevails.
Distribution of establishments among segments of the agrifood sector - 2020.
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Source: Social Information Report, Ministry of Economy, 2020.
BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Employment. Program for the Dissemination of Labor Statistics. Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS). Brasília, DF, 2020. Available at:http://pdet.mte.gov.br/rais. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
Land use in Belém
The municipality of Belém
has an area of
1,059 km2=continental onshore portion + 39 islands
114 km2
1985
expansion of the city area
+40.7%
160 km2
2020
Expansion entailed, especially by the occupation of
forest areas (65,3%), fields (21,5%) and pasture areas (11,7%).
Evolution of land use in Belém (in km²)
Forest, savanna and swamp areas
Grassland and salt flat (apicum)
Pasture and agriculture
Beaches, dunes and other areas without vegetation
River, lake and ocean
Evolution of land use in Belém (in km²)
1 Forest, savanna and swamp areas;
2 Grassland and salt flat (apicum);
3 Pasture and agriculture;
4 Beaches, dunes and other areas without vegetation;
5 River, lake and ocean.
2 Grassland and salt flat (apicum);
3 Pasture and agriculture;
4 Beaches, dunes and other areas without vegetation;
5 River, lake and ocean.
Source: MapBiomas, Collection 6, 2022.
MAPBIOMAS. MapBiomas Project - Collection 6 (1985-2020) of the Annual Series of Land Cover and Land Use Maps of Brazil, 2021. Available at: https://mapbiomas.org/produtos. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
The municipality of Belém has two environmental protection areas and four parks with specific land use rules for the conservation of the natural vegetation.
Access our interactive map
to visualize the dynamics
of land use in Belém.
Access interactive map
to visualize the dynamics
of land use in Belém.
Food consumption
The average food expenses in the Belém Metropolitan Area (BMA) consumed 20% of the family budget in the years 2017-2018. Among the poorer family, with monthly per capita income of BRL 355, this percentage reached 28%.
On average, 27% of food expenses in the BMA occur outside of the domicile – which is below the national average (33%). Among the poorest, this rate drops to 9%. Among the richer population, with a monthly per capita income of BRL 3,828, this rate rises to 38%.
Source: Family Budget Survey, 2017/2018.
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. Household budget survey 2017-2018. Rio de Janeiro: 2019. Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/.... Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
A different kind of food basket
Regional products such as açaí, manioc flour, and fish have a large weight in family expenditures on food in the BMA, if compared to the same average expenditures in Brazil. On the other hand, families in the BMA spend less on products such as vegetables and fruits.
Composition of household food costs, by type of expenses
in the Belém Metropolitan Area - 2017/2018
in the Belém Metropolitan Area - 2017/2018
Fish accounts for about 12% of the total food costs and 48% of expenses with meats, entrails and fish. In Brazil, these values are 5% and 24% respectively.
Fish accounts for about 12% of the total food costs and 48% of expenses with meats, entrails and fish. In Brazil, these values are 5% and 24% respectively.
Fish accounts for about 12% of the total food costs and 48% of expenses with meats, entrails and fish. In Brazil, these values are 5% and 24% respectively.
Source: Family Budget Survey, IBGE 2017/2018.
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2017-2018. Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/.... Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
Food security
A population with food security is one with regular and permanently ensured access to quality food, in sufficient quantity without compromising the need of other essential resources.
In 2018, more than half of the population of the Belém Metropolitan Area (BMA) was in a situation of food insecurity, varying between severe, moderate or light. The data surveyed also show that the problem is greater in the BMA than in other metropolitan areas of the country.
Distribution of the population according to food security levels (EBIA)*
Brazil, Belém Metropolitan Area (BMA) and other Metropolitan Regions (MRs) - 2017/2018**
Brazil, Belém Metropolitan Area (BMA) and other Metropolitan Regions (MRs) - 2017/2018**
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Source: Family Budget Survey, IBGE 2017/2018.
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. Household budget survey 2017-2018. Rio de Janeiro: 2019.
Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/.... Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/.... Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
* Brazilian food insecurity scale.
** Percentages may not add 100% due to rounding errors.
Income and food prices are very important aspects when the issue is food security. There is a significant inequality in the BMA: in 2018, for instance, the 20% wealthier had a monthly per capita income 10.8 times above that of the 20% poorer population.
Additionally, since 2006, food prices in the BMA increased above the national average, with additional increase during the Covid pandemic (which started in January 2020). Considering the products of major relevance for local food consumption (açaí, flour and fish), the trend for variation and increase of the price of flour stands out.
Evolution of the IPCA for food and beverages, cassava flour, fish and
açaí pulp in the BMA - July 2006 to November 2021.
açaí pulp in the BMA - July 2006 to November 2021.
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Source: National Extended Consumer Price Index - IPCA, IBGE.
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. Broad National Consumer Price Index - IPCA. Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/.... Accessed on: 08 September 2022.
* The value 100 was adopted for the base period (July/2006) for elaboration of food prices, showing an accrued inflation (over 100) or deflation (below 100).
Where does the food come from?
The Supply Centers of the State of Pará (CEASA/PA) are the main places for trading horticultural products from the Belém Metropolitan Area (BMA), supplying fairs and retail stores not part of large supermarket chains. From the data of the CEASA/PA, it was possible to identify where part of the food that supplies Belém and the region comes from.
80%
of the food
traded at CEASA/PA
proceeds from other states
This stake reaches 82% when considered in monetary trade value. This impacts the price of food and increases the risk of waste generation during transportation. The supply of vegetables, a highly perishable product, would benefit greatly if demands were met by local and regional production.
Products traded at CEASA: origin, weight (kg) and trade value
(in 2021BRL), according to groups of products, from Pará and other states (2021).
(in 2021BRL), according to groups of products, from Pará and other states (2021).
Pará
Other states
Fruits
Total (BRL) {{fruta.totalreal.toLocaleString('en-US')}} M
Vegetables
(leaves, flowers
and stems)
(leaves, flowers
and stems)
Total (BRL) {{folha.totalreal.toLocaleString('en-US')}} M
Vegetables
(fruits)
(fruits)
Total (BRL) {{fruto.totalreal.toLocaleString('en-US')}} M
Vegetable
(roots, tubercles
bulb and rhizomes)
(roots, tubercles
bulb and rhizomes)
Total (BRL) {{raiz.totalreal.toLocaleString('en-US')}} M
Sundry
products
products
Total (BRL) {{diversos.totalreal.toLocaleString('en-US')}} M
total
Total (BRL) {{total.totalreal.toLocaleString('en-US')}} M
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View %
View absolute values
M = MillionSource: Instituto Escolhas, based on data from CEASA/PA, 2021
The states of Pernambuco, Minas Gerais and Bahia are the main food providers for CEASA/PA. On average, these foods travel 2,000 km to reach Belém. Except for the state of Tocantins, no other state of the North region supplies any product to CEASA/PA, thus emphasizing the reliance of road transport to supply the region.
Origin of products from other states commercialized at CEASA/PA as % of the value traded by the total of all states (2021)
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Source: Instituto Escolhas, based on data from CEASA/PA, 2021.
20%
of the total amount traded
at CEASA/PA comes from
the production of the state of Pará
The municipalities in the state with the largest participation in the total value of products marketed at the trade post: Capitão Poço (27%), Santo Antônio do Tauá (15%), Curuçá (7%) and Santa Izabel do Pará (6%).
Origin of the products traded at CEASA/PA
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?
Source: Prepared by the authors based on data provided by CEASA/PA, 2021.
Food marketing
The circulation of food in the city of Belém uses different marketing channels: markets, supermarkets, wholesale and retail chains, ports, markets, public fairs and Supply Centers of the State of Pará (CEASA).
The large wholesale and retail chains – of local, regional or national origin – have their own channels for supplying their stores, marketing products even from other regions of the country.
In 2019, the Federal Government's Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) counted
295 establishments
linked to
wholesale trade
970 establishments
linked to
the retail trade
in Belém
Source: Annual Social Information Report (RAIS), 2020.
BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Employment. Program for the Dissemination of Labor Statistics. Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS). Brasília, DF, 2020. Available at: http://pdet.mte.gov.br/rais. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
7 public
ports
ports
managed by the Municipal Economy Secretariat of Belém (SECON)
- Icoaraci Pier
- Port of Feira do Açaí
- Port of Ver-o-Peso
- Port of Palha
- Port of Açaí
- Port of Sal
- Port of Praça Princesa Isabel
Some of these ports feature wholesale product markets, especially fish and açaí, coming from the islands near Belém; from other municipalities and even other states, such as from the state of Amapá.
Source: Prepared by the authors based on data provided by the Municipal Secretariat of Economy/Fairs and Market Department (Secretaria Municipal de Economia/Departamento de Feiras e Mercados - 2022).
The network of markets and public fairs is very relevant for the city’s food supply, both for fresh and processed products.Many of the fairs in Belém are more than 30 years old, which shows their relationship with the organization of urban space.
Fairs constitute prominent food purchasing sites in the BMA, representing 11% of the population's purchase habit. In Brazil as a whole, this figure is only 4%.
11% of the population's
purchase habit
purchase habit
In Brazil as a whole,
this figure is only4%
this figure is only4%
Distribution of the total amount of food and hygiene products purchased, according to the points of their acquisition. Brazil and the BMA - 2017/18
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Source: Household budget survey 2017-2018.
BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. Household budget survey 2017-2018. Rio de Janeiro: 2019.
Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/.... Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/.... Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
Presently, the city of Belém has 17 public markets and 32 regular fairs.
17
public markets
1,251
traders
32
regular fairs
7,452
traders
The public markets in Belém have a significant relevance in the fish, meat and poultry trade.
Source: Prepared by the authors based on data provided by the Municipal Secretariat of Economy/Fairs and Market Department (Secretaria Municipal de Economia/Departamento de Feiras e Mercados - 2022).
In 2019 alone,
the Township recorded
2.8 million
kilos of fish sold in these
spaces.
the Township recorded
2.8 million
kilos of fish sold in these
spaces.
Source: Elaboração própria a partir de dados cedidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Economia/Departamento de Feiras e Mercados (2022).
Another important food circulation link in the city are the establishments that offer food services - such as restaurants, buffets, bars, and hotels, among others.
1,341
such establishments, concentrated in the downtown city area of Belém, in 2019
Source: Social Information Report (RAIS), 2020
BRASIL. Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Programa de Disseminação das Estatísticas do Trabalho. Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). Brasília, DF, 2020. Available at: http://pdet.mte.gov.br/rais. Accessed on: 08 Sep. 2022.
Access our interactive map to
visualize the physical location of these
establishments in the region of Belém.
Access interactive map
visualize the physical location of these
establishments in the region of Belém.
